JOURNALIST:
Although you have nowadays absolutely devoted yourself to harmonious music,
you show a lot of tolerance towards dissonant music, and you explain the acceptance
of disharmonious music not as a musical but purely medical problem.
But this raises questions concerning musical education. How do you see the
roles of harmonious and disharmonious music in music education – in school,
in the media, at home?
PETER HÜBNER: School is primarily a place for education, and one
aspect of education is the passing on of information, a different aspect is
the internalisation of knowledge, of structures and functions.
Let’s have a look at the aspect of information first. Without doubt,
it is of equal interest to inform the people about aspects of harmony as well
as disharmony, and to find out what harmony is, what disharmony is, what are
the differences, and in what way are harmony and disharmony linked to each
other.
Even if harmony is beneficial to health, and disharmony is harmful, there
are good reasons to pass on information on these two aspects, on the structural
conditions as well as on benefits and damage. This also applies to nicotine.
Here, the interesting question is also: what is the structural effect, and
in how far is it beneficial or harmful.
Whether such considerations now mean that everybody has to smoke himself,
is a totally different question. Scientific experiments are nowadays only
carried out with limited groups whose member’s health is examined prior
to these experiments, and then get paid to take part on a voluntary basis
in favour of the scientific findings. In particularly dangerous cases, doctors
fall back on animal experiments.
But the only concern is always to verify the benefit or damage to the individual’s
or the community’s health.
Under certain preconditions of objectivity which are determined by the scientists,
the results of the examinations are accepted by those not concerned –
in the case of nicotine, the non-smoker, too, will accept the results of the
examinations which were achieved with the smokers during research.
In the case of nicotine, it was established that it can cause general damage
to health – this applies to active and passive smoking, and especially
to children and juveniles.
Smoking was in fact not prohibited on principle, but society in general is
increasingly watching out that children and juveniles do not smoke, and that
in public places and particularly in schools and Kindergardens people do not
smoke at all or at least not a lot.
Today, the social significance of smoking is therefore no longer only a question
of culture and personal taste – as in the times of Wilhelm Busch –,
but on the basis of modern medical methods of examination and objective results
of examinations also primarily a question of society’s medical fundamental
attitude.
JOURNALIST: And the same can be applied to music?
PETER HÜBNER: I think so. In times when cigarettes are not strictly
prohibited, it surely doesn’t make sense to prohibit music which is harmful
to health.
The people responsible, however, should consider in how far children and juveniles
should be allowed to consume such music, or whether it should be allowed to
play in public places – at least when children and juveniles are present
in such places.
And that also raises the question in how far music which can be harmful to
health should be used in the educational system, for during the performance
of music, the listener takes on the role of a test person, as the aspect of
internalisation comes into force.
So this may possibly cause damage to the consumer – at least there where
his immune system has already been weakened – which e.g. reveals itself
in hyper-activity, in allergies and susceptibility to addiction, in poor powers
of concentration, aggression and feelings of anxiety.
A school class which is not touched by all these problems, will surely hardly
be at risk if they consume a crate of beer and listen to music which can be
harmful to their health.
But in a time and society where the mentioned problems are the order of the
day among young people and teachers, the consumption of music which might
be harmful to health carries completely new unpredictable danger areas.
Of course, the influences accumulate. In combination with drugs, for instance,
music which may be harmful to health, can have a much more harmful effect.
If you want to avoid any sort of risk, then you avoid anything that may harm
young people’s health. This is not an artistic or philosophical question,
but a purely medical one.
© A A R E D I T I O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L 2001